Global Experts Meeting on Chronic Diseases August 26-27, 2020 Kyoto, Japan

Track 1: Chronic Diseases

A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than 3 months.

A chronic condition can be prominent from one this is acute additionally; a recurrent situation can relapse time and again, with durations of remission in between. The non-communicable diseases also are usually lasting clinical conditions but are prominent by using their non-infectious reasons. In the assessment, some continual sicknesses, which include HIV/AIDS, are caused by transmissible infections.

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Track 2: Nutraceuticals in Chronic Diseases

A Nutraceutical is a pharmaceutical-grade and standardized nutrient. They are regulated as dietary supplements and food additives by the FDA under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Nutraceutical is a term derived from “Nutrition” and “Pharmaceutics.” The term is applied to products that are isolated from herbal products, dietary supplements (nutrients), specific diets, and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages that other than nutrition are also used as medicine.

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Track 3: Indigenous Chronic Diseases

Many Indigenous peoples are at better threat for emerging infectious diseases in comparison to other populations. Indigenous health refers to the physical, cultural, social and emotional wellness of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander humans (Indigenous Australians). Many Indigenous Australians experience poorer health than different Australians, regularly demise at much more youthful ages. Indigenous Australians are more likely than non-Indigenous Australians to have respiration sicknesses, intellectual fitness problems, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes and chronic kidney sickness. There is likewise a persisted excessive prevalence of certain illnesses - and resulting conditions - which might be now clearly unknown in the non-Indigenous populace. Notable among those are trachoma (a bacterial infection of the eye) and rheumatic heart disease.

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Track 4: Obesity & Chronic Diseases

Obesity is a medical condition wherein excess body fats has accumulated to the quantity that it may have a poor effect on health. It is a circumstance throughout which Body Mass Index (BMI) is over 35. BMI is applied to estimate body fats and can facilitate ensure if you are at a healthful weight on your size. Obesity will boom the risk of numerous chronic diseases. Fat is deposited in our body as soon as the energy (kilojoules) we devour from food, the drink is more than the strength applied in activities at rest. Treating obesity as a continual ailment way the purpose is not a weighted reduction for the sake of weight loss any more than the purpose of diabetes treatment is to decrease blood glucose merely for the sake of lower blood glucose. A chronic ailment treatment version regarding every mode interventions and, as soon as suited, extra-scientific cures delivered with the aid of a knowledge base group in addition to physicians, dieticians exercising specialists and behavior therapists offer the only likelihood for effective obesity remedy.

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Track 5: Chronic Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an infection of the liver. In chronic hepatitis, liver inflammation continues for at the least six months. This situation may be mild, causing notably little harm, or more critical, causing many liver cells to be destroyed. Some cases result in cirrhosis and liver failure

The most common cause globally is viruses. Other causes include heavy alcohol use, certain medications, pollutants, different infections, autoimmune illnesses, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH Hepatitis has an extensive spectrum of presentations that vary from a whole loss of symptoms to extreme liver failure. The acute form of hepatitis, commonly caused by viral contamination, is characterized via constitutional signs that are usually self-restricting. Chronic hepatitis presents further but can happen symptoms and signs particular to liver dysfunction with lengthy-status inflammation and harm to the organ.

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Track 6: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disorder characterized through long-time period respiratory problems and poor airflow. The major signs and symptoms encompass shortness of breath and cough with sputum production. COPD is a progressive disease, meaning it generally worsens over time. Eventually, everyday activities, such as on foot or getting dressed, grow to be tough. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are older phrases used for different varieties of COPD. The term "chronic bronchitis" remains used to define a productive cough this is present for at the least 3 months each 12 months for 2 years.

The most not unusual signs and symptoms of COPD are sputum manufacturing, shortness of breath, and efficient cough. These symptoms are present for a prolonged time frame and generally worsen over the years. It is doubtful whether exceptional types of COPD exist. While previously divided into emphysema and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is best an outline of lung modifications in place of ailment itself, and continual bronchitis is really a descriptor of symptoms that may or might not occur with COPD.

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Track 7: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a long-time period autoimmune disease that by and large influences joints. It normally effects in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness regularly get worse following rest. Most normally, the wrist and hands are involved, with the equal joints typically concerned on each side of the body. The disease may additionally affect different parts of the body. This may additionally result in a low red blood cell count, inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy will also be present. Often, signs come on step by step over weeks to months.

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Track 8: Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition wherein poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are essential forms of stroke: ischemic, due to loss of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They bring about part of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and signs of a stroke might also include a felon one side of the body, problems understanding or talking, feeling just like the world is spinning, or lack of vision to one aspect. Signs and signs and symptoms regularly seem soon after the stroke has happened. may also be related to an excessive headache. The signs of a stroke may be permanent If signs final less than one or two hours it is known as a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. A stroke may also be associated with a severe headache. The symptoms of a stroke can be permanent. Long-term complications may additionally include pneumonia or loss of bladder manages.

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Track 9: Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a category of diseases that contains the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease consists of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) inclusive of angina and myocardial infarction (normally known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.

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Track 10: Chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complicated disorder characterized via intense fatigue that cannot be explained with the aid of any underlying medical condition. The fatigue may also get worse with physical or mental activity, but would not enhance with rest. This situation is likewise called Systemic Exertion Intolerance Sickness (SEID) or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME). Sometimes it is abbreviated as ME/CFS The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is unknown, although there are many theories — ranging from viral infections to psychological stress. Some experts agree with chronics fatigue syndrome is probably precipitated by means of a combination of things.

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Track 11: Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases related to abnormal cell growth with the capacity to invade or spread to other elements of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to different parts of the body. Possible symptoms and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, extended cough, unexplained weight loss, and trade in bowel movements. While these symptoms might also indicate cancer, they'll have other reasons.

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Track 12: Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), usually called diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorder in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar encompass common urination, accelerated thirst, and multiplied hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can purpose many complications. Acute complications can encompass diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic nation, or death. Serious lengthy-time period complications consist of cardiovascular ailment, stroke, continual kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

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Track 13: Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disorder (CKD) is a sort of kidney disease wherein there is a gradual lack of kidney feature over a period of months or years. Early on there are generally no symptoms. Later, leg swelling, feeling worn-out, vomiting, loss of appetite, or confusion may expand. Complications may additionally encompass heart disease, high blood pressure, bone disorder, or anemia.

Causes of chronic kidney ailment consist of diabetes, high blood stress, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Risk elements consist of a circle of relatives records of the situation. Diagnosis is usually with the aid of blood tests to measure the glomerular filtration charge rate and urine exams to measure albumin.  Further tests such as ultrasound or kidney biopsy can be done to decide the underlying motive. A wide variety of various classification systems exist.

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Track 14: HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions because of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Following initial contamination, a person won't observe any symptoms or may additionally experience a short duration of influenza-like infection. Typically, that is observed by means of a prolonged period with no signs. As the infection progresses, it interferes greater with the immune gadget, increasing the chance of growing commonplace infections like tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that hardly ever affect human beings who have working immune structures. These overdue signs of contamination are referred to as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This stage is often additionally related to unintentional weight loss.

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Track 15: Eating Disorders

An Eating Disorder is an intellectual disease defined by ordinary consuming habits that negatively affect someone's bodily or mental health. They consist of binge eating disease where human beings consume a massive quantity in a short time period, anorexia nervosa where humans devour little or no and as a result have a low body weight, bulimia nervosa in which humans devour loads after which attempt to rid themselves of the meals, percent in which humans devour non-food items, rumination disorder where people regurgitate food, avoidant/restrictive food intake disease in which humans have a loss of hobby in food, and a collection of different designated feeding or consuming problems. Anxiety disorders, despair, and substance abuse are commonplace among humans with consuming disorders. These problems do not encompass weight problems.

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Track 16: Depression & Mental Illness

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also recognized truly as depression, is a mental disorder characterized via at least two weeks of low mood that is gift across maximum situations. It is regularly observed with the aid of low self-esteem, lack of interest in normally fun activities, low strength, and pain without a clear cause. People may every now and then have false ideas or see or hear things that others can't. Some people have intervals of despair separated by means of years in which they may be normal while others nearly continually have signs gift. Major depressive disorder can negatively affect someone's non-public, paintings, or college existence, as well as sleeping, ingesting habits, and preferred fitness. Between 2–7% of adults with main depression die by suicide, and as much as 60% of folks that die through suicide had depression or some other temper disease.

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Track 17: Alzheimer Disease & Dementia

Alzheimer's Disorder (AD), simply noted as Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that normally starts slowly and worsens through the years. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The maximum common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent occasions (brief-time period reminiscence loss). As the disease advances, signs can encompass issues with language, disorientation (together with easily getting lost), mood swings, lack of motivation, no longer managing self-care, and behavioral issues. As someone's situation declines, they frequently withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily capabilities are misplaced, at the end leading to loss of life. Although the velocity of development can vary, the typical existence expectancy following diagnosis is three to 9 years.

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The world now has to come to terms with a worrying increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Responsible for more than 63% of all deaths, they are by far the world's biggest killers. If nothing is done to curb this trend, the number of deaths from chronic diseases could rise by 17% over the next 10 years.

According to the WHO, millions of lives could be saved and healthcare expenditure considerably reduced by national campaigns.

Campaigns, such as

• Initiatives designed to reduce exposure to risk factors, such as tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and poor diet
• Consistent measures to improve care, increase screening and provide early-stage treatment of chronic diseases

Why in Japan?

The chronic disease management system is developing quickly. In 2006, the Japan Chronic Disease Self-Management Association (J-CDSMA) was approved by the Japanese government as a non-profit organization. This organization was formed for the purpose of incorporating the principles of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP), developed at Stanford University, into the Japanese healthcare system. Although disease management programs faced opposition by the Japan Medical Association because of concerns with quality issues early on, chronic disease management has, to a certain extent, been integrated into the Japanese healthcare system. In 2008, the Japanese government created the Tokugeti-Kenshin system, a program to prevent lifestyle diseases by allowing citizens between the ages of 40 to 74 to receive a free annual health checkup. In the private sector, DPP Health Partners (Hiroshima, Japan) was established in 2010 as the first disease management company in Japan, and a number of other disease management programs have followed.

Organizations such as the J-CDSMA do not provide disease management services, but they create a support network for chronic disease management in Japan. The J-CDSMA offers workshops that assist chronically ill patients on communicating with others, creating individualized “action plans,” and empathizing with each other. Other organizations that comprise this support network include the Disease Management Association of Japan and the Japan Society for Health Support Sciences. With their contribution, the awareness of major chronic diseases is approximately 70% in Japan, but other chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still have low awareness.

Global Market:

Chronic diseases and conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arthritis—are among the most common, costly, and preventable of all health problems.

As of 2012, about half of all adults—117 million people—had one or more chronic health conditions. One in four adults had two or more chronic health conditions. Seven of the top 10 causes of death in 2014 were chronic diseases. Two of these chronic diseases—heart disease and cancer—together accounted for nearly 46% of all deaths. Cardiovascular Diseases Therapeutics is estimated to increase at a CAGR of 4.1% globally. The top eight markets to grow are of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, UK and USA. Obesity is a serious health concern. During 2011–2014, more than one-third of adults (36%), or about 84 million people, were obese (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2). About one in six youths (17%) aged 2 to 19 years was obese (BMI ≥95th percentile). Arthritis is the most common cause of disability.4 Of the 54 million adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis, more than 23 million say they have trouble with their usual activities because of arthritis. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower-limb amputations other than those caused by injury, and new cases of blindness among adults. Europe Autoimmune disease therapeutics market is projected to create up to USD 4.58 billion at a CAGR of 1.6% by 2020 control and prevent diseases. However, the global autoimmune diseases treatment market is estimated to reach $15.97 billion by 2022 at CAGR of 3.80%